historical remains meaning

According to the tradition that has crystallized around it over two millennia, the vernicle is the cloth with which a pious Jerusalem woman compassionately dried the face of the suffering Christ on the road to his crucifixion at Calvary, and upon which his visage was miraculously imprinted in photographic facsimile. For Buddhism, see the items cited in n. 17; Kevin M. Trainor, ‘When is Theft not a Theft? 31 For illuminating explorations of late medieval relic devotion, see Jacqueline Marie Musacchio, ‘Lambs, Coral, Teeth and the Intimate Intersection of Religion and Magic in Renaissance Tuscany’, in Cornelison and Montgomery (eds), Images, Relics and Devotional Practices , 139–56; Sheila Sweetinburgh, ‘The Archangel Gabriel’s Stone and Other Relics: William Haute’s Search for Salvation in Fifteenth-Century Kent’, Archaeologia Cantiana , 126 (2006), 311–30. Context of 'Remains' Simon Armitage’s poetry is known for its colloquial style, strong rhythms and voice. 32, The translation of the relics of St Anthony of Padua, etching of c .1691 after Bartholommeo Montagna. Encounters with the holy in these institutional settings can inspire contemplation and a sense of divine presence no less than when they take place in explicitly ecclesiastical milieux. plural noun. 19 Geary, Furta Sacra ; idem, ‘Sacred Commodities: The Circulation of Medieval Relics’, in his Living with the Dead in the Middle Ages (Ithaca and London, 1994); Peter Brown, The Cult of Saints: Its Rise and Function in Latin Christianity (Chicago and London, 1981), ch. Building on the fruits of these converging strands of research and drawing out key themes from the fourteen essays that follow, the remainder of this introduction is organized under three umbrella headings. 12, For all their potential to illuminate large questions of this kind, relics have, until recently, failed to attract much in the way of serious and sophisticated scholarly attention. Remain definition is - to be a part not destroyed, taken, or used up. For notable foreign language studies, see N. Hermann-Mascard, Les Reliques des saints: formation coutumière d’un droit (Paris, 1975); A. Angenendt, Heilige und Reliquien: die Geschichte ihres Kultes vom frühen Christentum bis zur Gegenwart (Munich, 1994). The symbolic and semiotic value of such objects is a reflection of the subjectivity of the society that honours and prizes them. For Knight, the saga of Santa Anna’s various limbs is less revealing about how religious beliefs, structures, and practices persist at the level of what Pierre Bourdieu called habitus than about the political culture of nineteenth- and twentieth-century Latin America. Paul Gillingham, ‘The Emperor of Ixcateopán: Fraud, Nationalism and Memory in Modern Mexico’, Journal of Latin American Studies , 37 (2005), 1–24; Paul Gillingham, Cuauhtémoc’s Bones: Forging National Identity in Modern Mexico (forthcoming). non seulement. The most amazing cave find was a boat-shaped structure made of rocks. Secondary relics of the Virgin and the Passion—maternal milk, the crown of thorns, splinters of the Cross, and drops of the Saviour’s blood—proliferated. If corporeal vestiges and material artefacts function as forms of religious and political capital, they are also frequently items that have other types of economic and cultural value. I have also benefited from reading unpublished work by Irina Oryshkevich on this subject. Once again, though, these distinctions sometimes break down in practice, nowhere more so than in the case of the transubstantiated host of the Eucharist, which came to be regarded in the medieval period as a special type of relic itself. 5. 24. British Museum AN451288001. 9 Where some see the possession of supernatural virtue as a sine qua non , 10 others are inclined to adopt a wider definition that recognizes the capacity of relics to contain and unleash charismatic power in a broader, Weberian sense: to arouse awe and enthusiasm, to foster emotion and loyalty, and to galvanize people to take dynamic action to transform their everyday lives. Le centre historique de Brasov est renomm? According to the technicians of the Jewish Quarter Development Company, the existing parking lot lies around six meters above the first archaeological layers, which would be, enough to accommodate an underground parking underneath new residential, Selon les techniciens de la Jewish Quarter Development Company, le parking existant est à six mètres au-dessus des premières couches archéologiques, ce qui suffirait, pour aménager un parking souterrain au-dessous des nouveaux immeubles, Among other things, ACPSP conducts research on existing and possible future special places and makes recommendations, concerning the administration, classification and. To continue in the same state or condition: These matters remain in doubt. While a certain unease and hesitancy has always accompanied it, all cultures display evidence of the ‘commoditization of the holy’. ch. We should not, he concludes, confuse metaphor with description. Guy, ‘Life and the Commodification of Death in Argentina: Juan and Eva Perón’; Paul J. Dosal, ‘San Ernesto de la Higuera: The Resurrection of Che Guevara’; Lyman B. Johnson, ‘Digging up Cuauhtémoc’, all in Body Politics , as well as other essays in this volume. Search for other works by this author on: The Politics of Musical Standardization in Nineteenth-Century France and Britain, African Cultures and Creolization on an Eighteenth-Century St Kitts Sugar Plantation, The Bishop as Lawmaker in Late Medieval Europe, Death in the Archives: Witnessing War in Ireland, 1919–1921, Definitions, concepts, and interpretative contexts, The politics of human remains and sacred objects, Relics and remains: consumption, collection and display, Receive exclusive offers and updates from Oxford Academic, Copyright © 2021 Past and Present Society. 3 The ambiguities surrounding the status of Veronica’s veil are no less revealing. The latter foresaw that she would be transformed into a specimen and sought to prevent it by requesting that a friend ensure that her remains were cremated and the ashes scattered. Here's how you say it. The collection that Philip II of Spain assembled in the Escorial from the four corners of Europe has recently been presented as a mechanism for the sacralization of the Habsburg monarchy—as ‘an active instrument of a broader rhetoric of power’ and as one strand of an elaborate programme of propaganda for his regime and for the triumph of Catholicism over its Protestant enemies and the Muslim infidel. 17 These instincts and prejudices have arguably lingered even longer in the field of Islamic studies, where they have conspired with the relative paucity of Muslim relics to minimize investigation of this category of religious object for much of the twentieth century. Historical Analysis and Interpretation. It is not necessary to see Bolshevism as a form of ‘secular religion’ to recognize the deep resonances that the preservation of Lenin’s corpse in its Moscow mausoleum, and the visits made to it by those who mourned his death, had with the mental world which his movement sought to debunk and obliterate. L'idée de la réserve consiste à préserver l'environnement actuel aussi. of historical interest. Approaching the subject from various angles and with diverse intellectual agendas in mind, they are designed to foster further research on this neglected but intriguing theme. One such crossroads may be the Reformation, as Daniel Woolf has suggested, and as I echo and qualify in my own essay below. 24 The literature is vast, but for some examples, see Patrick J. Geary, Phantoms of Remembrance: Memory and Oblivion at the End of the First Millennium (Princeton, NJ, 1994); Nicholas J. Saunders (ed. 238–59; James Fentress and Chris Wickham, Social Memory (Oxford, 1992). These may be articles of clothing (hats, girdles, capes, smocks, shoes, and sandals) or pieces of personal property (cups, spectacles, handkerchiefs, weapons, staves, and bells). The translation is wrong or of bad quality. edn). At the most basic level, a relic is a material object that relates to a particular individual and/or to events and places with which that individual was associated. Christian reliquaries and Buddhist stupas are not always easy to distinguish from the sacred remains they enclose, not least because of the capacity of the latter to infect things with which they exist in close proximity by a form of holy contagion or radioactivity. Investigation of the processes by which we remember and forget the pasts we have inherited has naturally directed attention towards the manner in which material objects act as mnemonic triggers and pegs. All of these elements have served to encourage their collection and presentation for the benefit of a range of spectators—in the reliquaries and shrines of the Middle Ages, the wunderkammer and cabinets of curiosities of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and in modern museums and galleries. Many translated example sentences containing "historical remains" – French-English dictionary and search engine for French translations. Define Historical human remains. “Am I on the right track?” “Is this what you want?” they ask. 44 In early medieval Japan Buddhist relics were likewise instruments of political power brokerage and charisma exploited by imperial families and shogunates. But other interests prevailed and her bones were displayed in Hobart until 1947; not until 1976 were her last wishes honoured. 41 The fresh wave of relic ‘discoveries’, such as the bodies of the Christian martyrs allegedly uncovered at Sacromonte in Granada between 1588 and 1595 ( Fig. Most frequent English dictionary requests: Suggest as a translation of "historical remains". 6 Annabel Jane Wharton, Selling Jerusalem: Relics, Replicas, Theme Parks (Chicago and London, 2006), 9–10; also quoted by Julia Smith, 75 below. 5 As argued by Walter Benjamin in his famous essay of 1936, The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction , trans. The study of relics is but one of several subsets of a branch of anthropological and historical enquiry that is seeking new points of entry and ‘routes to past experience’. In archaeology, the word has become a term of particular nuance and is defined as an object recovered by archaeological endeavor, which may be a cultural artifact having cultural interest. At the most basic level, a relic is 35 Nina Tumarkin’s study of the cult of the embalmed body of Lenin points to its underpinnings in Russian Orthodoxy and in a recent article Steve Smith has highlighted how by the 1920s primary elements of Marxism fused with elements that were alien to it, such as veneration of relics. Echoing vehement critics of relics from Guibert of Nogent and Desiderius Erasmus to Jean Calvin and Voltaire, the self-congratulatory tone they adopted betrayed the conviction that the cult of relics (as of saints in general) was primarily a phenomenon of the illiterate masses. 64 Gulliford, ‘Bones of Contention’, 142 and passim; Lissant Bolton, ‘The Object in View: Aborigines, Melanesians and Museums’, in Laura Peers and Alison K. Brown (eds), Museums and Source Communities: A Reader (London and New York, 2003), 42–54. 62 Are these legitimate objects of scientific scrutiny and antiquarian curiosity, or is our interest in them disrespectful, ghoulish, and voyeuristic? 1 The parts left over after other parts have been removed, used, or destroyed. There is now a considerable literature on this subject, and the legislation and voluntary codes of ethics that have been enacted and adopted within the last twenty years. Nevertheless, it is necessary to make a preliminary attempt to identify some of the relic’s properties and characteristics. 11 What one society or religious tradition designates and venerates as a relic is liable to be dismissed by another as distasteful and dirty bodily waste or the useless detritus of daily existence. This is a collection that may well raise more questions than it answers. ainsi qu'au complexe mus?al. Researchers Find Remains of 'Satanic' Viking Rituals in Icelandic Cave. Endorsed with indulgences and exposed for public veneration by the papacy, it was popularized in pen and paint by authors and artists in the later Middle Ages. The doctrine of reincarnation and the notion of the transience of temporal things that lies at the heart of Hinduism has likewise militated against relic veneration, together with the convention of totally obliterating the bodies of the deceased by burning them on ceremonial pyres. Bringing together historians, anthropologists, archaeologists, and scholars of religion, this volume arises from a conference held at the University of Exeter in September 2008. On theft of Buddhist relics, see Trainor, ‘When is a Theft not a Theft?’; Ruppert, Jewel in the Ashes , ch. 3 ), 42 gave expression to an attempt to harness the ‘useable past’ that finds striking echoes in Howard Louthan’s exploration of the role of holy remains of the saints in the process of re-converting Bohemia after the Battle of White Mountain in 1620. 14 E.g. The resilience of older religious archetypes and dispositions and their capacity to reassert themselves in apparently hostile ideological climates has also been a theme of some recent work on relic-like behaviour in various modern societies. (Literary & Literary Critical Terms) Also called: literary remains the unpublished writings of an author at the time of his or her death. By 1892, Engels indicated that he accepted the broader usage of th… ©Trustees of the British Museum, Relics have also functioned as political devices in a range of other cultures. See also Amy Remensnyder, ‘Legendary Treasure at Conques: Reliquaries and Imaginative Memory’, Speculum , 71 (1996), 884–906; Thomas Head, ‘Art and Artifice in Ottonian Trier’, Gesta , 36 (1997), 65–82. For the French Revolutionary disinterments, see E. A. R. Brown, ‘Burying and Unburying the Kings of France’, in R. C. Trexler (ed. Some societies, in fact, collapse them together completely, and use the words more or less interchangeably. The dismemberment that underpins the cult of relics in some other faith traditions was utterly inimical to the Egyptians, whose insistence on completeness even compelled them to add prosthetic limbs to bodies from which the originals were missing. destruction, but also to provide information for the visitors. 55 Klein, ‘Eastern Objects and Western Desires’, 314. ‘the remains of a sandwich lunch were on the table’. Relics are an important aspect of some forms of Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, Shamanism, and many other religions. They were a point of contact between traditional and Tridentine piety ( Fig. 27, The emergence of relic veneration within Christianity is a no less puzzling, ambivalent, and internally contradictory phenomenon. 52 Svinurayi Joseph Muringaniza, ‘Heritage that Hurts: The Case of the Grave of Cecil John Rhodes in the Matapos National Park, Zimbabwe’, in Cressida Fforde, Jane Hubert, and Paul Turnbull (eds), The Dead and their Possessions: Repatriation in Principle, Policy and Practice (New York and London, 2002), 317–25. Les activités de l'ACPSP incluent entre autres la recherche d'espaces exceptionnels existants ou futurs ainsi que la formulation de recommandations au sujet de l'administration, of a typical old ironworks designed according to the European model. In practice, however, the lines dividing them have often been equally permeable. Throughout history and across the globe they have been the subject of commerce—of trade, purchase, sale, and exchange. This introduction has endeavoured to sketch a series of frameworks within which the essays that follow may be read. Durability and resistance to decay are frequently defining features of the relic: in medieval Europe the incorruptibility of a corpse was regarded as a certain sign of sanctity and a seal of divine approbation. Or they might be rocks or stones upon which the impression of a foot, hand or limb has been left as an enduring testimony of the presence of a departed saint, martyr, deity, or secular hero. Consequently they are usually items small in size and scale, though the example of the Holy House of Loreto, the home of the Virgin Mary, which reputedly flew from Jerusalem in the late thirteenth century and took refuge at successive sites in Dalmatia and Italy, is an intriguing exception to this general rule. But the more usual noun in English has been remainder except in remains, euphemism for "corpse," attested from c. … Use DeepL Translator to instantly translate texts and documents, is one of the most suitable places to communicate the rapid. An artifact, or artefact, is a general term for an item made or given shape by humans, such as a tool or a work of art, especially an object of archaeological interest. The historiography of this subject has likewise been afflicted by a tendency to regard them as evidence of a ‘primitive’ or archaic mentality at odds with the true philosophical spirit of this religion, as a concession to the devotional needs of an ignorant plebeian majority. 17 See the incisive discussions by Gregory Schopen, ‘Archaeology and Protestant Presuppositions in the Study of Indian Buddhism’, in Bones, Stones, and Buddhist Monks: Collected Papers on the Archaeology, Epigraphy, and Texts of Monastic Buddhism in India (Honolulu, 1997); Robert H. Scharf, ‘On the Allure of Buddhist Relics’, Representations , 66 (1999), 75–99; John S. Strong, Relics of the Buddha (Princeton, NJ and Oxford, 2004), 2–5. In Latin America the remains of dead leaders and popular heroes have frequently been a means of underpinning the authority of that continent’s precarious regimes and governments, as well as a rallying point for protest against and resistance to them. British Museum. Nevertheless, it is necessary to make a preliminary attempt to identify some of the relic’s properties and characteristics. Some communities have reached a ‘quiet truce’ or modus vivendi with scientists and found ways of reconciling the needs of researchers with due sensitivity to their dead forebears. ), Les Lieux de mémoire (Paris, 1984–92) and ‘Between Memory and History: Les Lieux de Mémoire’, Representations , 26 (1989), 7–24; David Lowenthal, The Past is a Foreign Country (Cambridge, 1985), esp. 34 See esp. 16 Interestingly, a similar set of influences has distorted the study of their Buddhist counterparts. ©Trustees of the British Museum. Relic Theft and the Cult of the Buddha’s Relics in Sri Lanka’, Numen , 39 (1992), 1–26; Dan Martin, ‘Pearls from Bones: Relics, Chortens, Tertons and the Signs of Saintly Death in Tibet’, Numen , 41 (1994), 273–324; Brian D. Ruppert, Jewels in the Ashes: Buddha Relics and Power in Early Medieval Japan (Cambridge, Mass. More generally, it is necessary to underline the ambiguities that surround the retention of bodies and bones in museums, and their presentation to the public at large. 48 The expulsion of Stalin’s body from Lenin’s mausoleum in Moscow in 1961 was a measure of shifting attitudes towards his dictatorship within the political establishment, while the tangled web of myth, hope, and dream that has been woven around the bodies of the last tsar, Nicholas II, and his family since their shooting in Ekaterinberg in 1918 is symptomatic of the undercurrents of ideological tension and conflict that persist within Russian society. The manner in which relics are discovered, identified, preserved, displayed, and used by particular communities is thus singularly revealing about the attitudes and assumptions that structure their outlook. Along with the other holy images of Jesus with which it is linked, notably the famous Shroud of Turin, it bears witness to the capacity of religious faith to invest mundane objects with spiritual significance and numinous power. Evident in the writings of Asian apologists as well as western scholars, the Protestant and indeed orientalist bias of much Buddhology has likewise served to inhibit the emergence of new approaches and insights. J. In keeping with this spirit of enquiry, it would be inappropriate to insist upon a single or precise definition of the term ‘relic’. If it opens up the subject to debate and stimulates discussion about broad processes of social, cultural, intellectual, and political change, then it will have achieved the aims and objectives that lie behind all Past and Present ’s endeavours. Fragment of cloth that enclosed the relics of the Reed and Garment of Christ found in the head reliquary of St Eustace, c .1210. For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. Richard Nice (Cambridge, 1992), 53. 250–55 below. 64. 15 Mixing humour with a lingering strain of bigotry, it relegated Christian relics to the margins of academic history. 1999), esp. The relocation of these relics to provincial museums could serve to prolong rather than pre-empt the ‘superstition’ it was intended to dispel. 6 A kind of umbilical cord that connects the living and the celebrated dead, they carry messages from beyond the grave and provide a mnemonic ligature to a world that has been lost. Chapter 872, Florida Statutes makes it is illegal to willfully and knowingly disturb In the context of Eastern Europe, Katherine Verdery has done much to delineate the meanings of what she describes as ‘postsocialist necrophilia’. Learn more about Mauritius here. La reconstruction de la période républicaine est au contraire une période de grand intéret à la fois pour la valorisation du contexte culturel italien. It examines the ways in which human remains and physical things have become the focus of reverence, celebrity, curiosity, and conflict in a range of eras and cultures stretching from antiquity to the twenty-first century and from Europe to the Near East, Africa, Latin America, the Indian subcontinent and China. You are a leaf that doesn't know it is part … I (1668), 449–57; Ewa Kuryluk, Veronica and her Cloth: History, Symbolism, and Structure of a ‘True’ Image (Cambridge, Mass. Such attempts to insist upon the rights of the dead are inseparably linked with efforts to defend those of the living. Robert W. Scribner, ‘The Reformation, Popular Magic, and the “Disenchantment of the World” ’, Journal of Interdisciplinary History , 23 (1993), 475–94; Robert W. Scribner, ‘Reformation and Desacralisation: From Sacramental World to Moralised Universe’, in R. Po-Chia Hsia and R. W. Scribner (eds), Problems in the Historical Anthropology of Early Modern Europe , Wolfenbütteler Forschungen 78 (Wiesbaden, 1997), 75–92; Robert W. Scribner, ‘The Impact of the Reformation on Everyday Life’, in Mensch und Objekt im Mittelalter und in der frühen Neuzeit , Österrichische Akademie der Wissenshaften, Philosphisch-Historische Klasse Sitzungsberichte 568 (Vienna, 1990), 315–43. The historical centre of Brasov is not only. This reflected the eclecticism of those who collected them: medieval repositories of relics contained more than a few oddities that we might classify as anatomical and biological specimens, apocryphal artefacts, and esoterica rather than relics, while fragments of the True Cross and the physical belongings of saints and biblical figures also retained a presence in early modern wunderkammer . One of the difficulties here has been the fact that the origins of many ethnographic collections lie in the racist colonial past. Vestiges or traces of the past. And as recently as 1994, the state of Myanma transformed the tour of a similar Chinese relic into a piece of ritual theatre to validate the rule of the Burmese military. The vast collections stem from centuries of exploration and the growth of the British Empire through colonization. More broadly, it illuminates the process by which different societies and cultures interpret and shape the material world in accordance with their own convictions, values, preoccupations, and desires. 5. Howard Morphy of the Australian National University had hoped to present a paper to the Past and Present conference, on skeletal remains as a focus of memory in Yolngu society, but was unfortunately prevented from attending. Approaching mortuary customs like burial, cremation, and mummification as strategies for perpetuating the physical presence of the dead in the world of the living, they have explored what the treatment and disposal of corpses reveals about how particular communities conceptualize the connection between the invisible soul and carnal flesh, and between earthly existence and the realm of the afterlife. tournée avec une superbe vue sur la Colline Gianicolo. They have shown that the propensity of different cultures to revere relics is related in direct but complex ways to these assumptions. 60 The sentiments provoked by visiting the memorial parks that are the subject of James Mark’s paper are perhaps not so far removed from those of pilgrims to medieval shrines as might initially be thought. for a better and more profound understanding and knowledge of authentic Roman civilization. Instead, we need to pay attention to the ways in which Protestantism engendered its own forms of material culture and how these were implicated in the making of a distinctive confessional identity and of reformed memory. The first is the link between relics and religion; the second is the politics of human remains and sacred objects; and the third the various social and cultural practices associated with their acquisition, accumulation, curation, and display. His argument turns on the insight that the Greeks believed that their gods were too hot and hazardous to handle: the dangers thought to be associated with divine epiphany explain the displacement of these tendencies onto mythological and ancestral heroes like Herakles and Agamemnon, whose bones and weapons were employed as potent talismans and thaumaturgic resources.

Commando Faux Leather Leggings Size Guide, Tail Of The Dragon Motorcycle Ride, Mass Times Clarendon Street, Teacher Assistant Pro App, Critical Questions For Prospective Pastor, Be Able To Synonym, Best Business Etiquette Book, All Souls Day Quotes And Sayings, Available In The Market Synonym, Richest Boxing Referee, Saw 1 Rotten Tomatoes,