who lived in rupert's land in 1862

There was strong business and political agitation in Upper Canada for annexing the territory; in London the Company's trading license was due for review; in St. Paul there was a growing interest in the area as a field for U.S. expansion. Or more precisely, at what price could the HBC be persuaded to give up its monopoly charter? [17] In the early 19th century, the HBC had waged a violent struggle with the rival North West Company based in Montreal for the control of the fur trade culminating in the Seven Oaks Massacre of 1816, which led to an investigation by the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, and which in turn led to the Second Canada Jurisdiction Act of 1821, ordering the Hudson's Bay Company to establish justice of the peace courts in Rupert's Land. Robert had 3 children: Alfred Roderick Asham and 2 other children . The history of the U.S. state of Minnesota is shaped by its original Native American residents, European exploration and settlement, and the emergence of industries made possible by the state's natural resources. He played some part in the intellectual life of Red River and was in 1862 elected to the council of the short-lived Institute of Rupert’s Land, established in an attempt to enrich the cultural life of the settlement. Read the excerpt from one of his memoirs in Figure 1.30. By order-in-council dated 23 June 1870,[26] the British government admitted the territory to Canada, under s. 146 of the Constitution Act, 1867,[27] effective 15 July 1870, subject to the making of treaties with the sovereign indigenous nations to provide their consent to the Imperial Crown to exercise its sovereignty pursuant to the limitations and conditions of the Rupert's Land documents and the treaties. increasingly eager to annex Rupert’s Land into the Dominion. [7] The Royal Charter ignored the First Nations who were already living on the land and exercising sovereignty over it, and the Hudson's Bay Company had not acquired title to the land from the Aboriginal communities prior to their negotiations with Canada that began in 1856. In 1670, the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) was granted a charter by King Charles II, giving it a trading monopoly over the watershed of all rivers and streams flowing into Hudson Bay, an area known as "Rupert's Land" (named in honour of Prince Rupert of the Rhine, the king's cousin and the company's first governor). Later administrators, such as James Anderson and Donald Ross, sought avenues for the advancement of indigenous employees. Yet it was difficult for traders to reach the rich trapping grounds north of Lake Superior and Rupert's Land, or Prince Rupert's Land, was a territory in British North America, consisting of the Hudson Bay drainage basin, which was nominally owned by the Hudson's Bay Company for 200 years from 1670 to 1870, although numerous aboriginal groups lived in the same territory and disputed the sovereignty of the area. Rupert’s Land was eventually divided among Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and the Northwest Territories. [16] The 1670 charter granting the company control of Rupert's Land had said trials were to be conducted by the governor of Rupert's Land together with three of his councillors. “Rupert’s Land, Nituskeenan, Our Land: Cree and English Naming and Claiming around the Dirty Sea.”New Histories for Old: Changing Perspectives on Canada’s Native Pasts (2007): 18-40. For the ecclesiastical province of the Anglican Church of Canada, see, Hudson's Bay Company's claim of ownership, Hudson's Bay Company's surrender of its charter to the Crown, CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, Baker, Robert "Creating Order in the Wilderness: Transplanting the English Law to Rupert's Land, 1835–51" pages 209-249 from, List of Hudson's Bay Company trading posts, Former colonies and territories in Canada, "Royal Charter of the Hudson's Bay Company", "Hudson's Bay Company, Struggle for Control of the Fur Trade: 18th Century", "Rupert's Land Act, 1868 - Enactment No.1", "Sessional Papers of the Parliament of the Dominion of Canada", https://books.google.ca/books?id=pg8qAgAAQBAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s, "Sovereignty and the Aboriginal Nations of Rupert's Land", "St. Catharines Milling and Lumber Co. v. R", Calder et al. [14], Before 1835, the Hudson's Bay Company had no formal legal system in Rupert's Land, creating "courts" on an ad hoc basis. Red River Settlement, (1811–36), colony in Canada on the banks of the Red River near the mouth of the Assiniboine River (in present-day Manitoba). So they took their scheme to England. [3] The prevailing attitude of the time was that Rupert’s Land was owned by the Hudson’s Bay Company because "From the beginning to the end, the [Hudson’s Bay Company] had always claimed up to the parallel 49", and argued that the Royal Charter and various Acts of Parliament granted them "all the regions under British dominion watered by streams flowing into Hudson Bay". It was named after Prince Rupert of the Rhine, a nephew of Charles Iand the first Governor of the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC)… The Hudson’s … Carter, Sarah. This amounted U.S., Bureau of Land Management Tract Books, 1820-1908 3,907 land management tract books containing official records of the land status and transactions involving surveyed public lands arranged by state and then by township and range. [18] Instead of establishing courts, the company directed the governor and the council of Assiniboia to mediate disputes as they arose. European settlement, rather than simply a source of furs. Additional ships were dispatched, with similar successful results. Rupert certainly left his mark on the map of Canada. He and For two hundred years, from 1670 to 1870, the Hudson Bay drainage basin was known as Rupert’s Land, honouring the prince’s founding role as first governor of the Hudson’s Bay Company. This included It would become the city of Winnipeg. Shortly after coming to Red River, Mactavish ended a life of determined bachelorhood by marrying Mary Sarah McDermot, the mixed-blood Catholic daughter of businessman Andrew McDermot* . By 1870, there were 97 posts in Rupert’s Land. Brown, Jennifer SH. The Royal Charter made the "Governor and Company ..., and their Successors, the true and absolute Lords and Proprietors, of the same Territory, Limits and Places aforesaid, and of all other the Premisses [sic]", and granted them the authority "to erect and build such Castles, Fortifications, Forts, Garrisons, Colonies or Plantations, Towns or Villages, in any Parts or Places within the Limits and Bounds granted before in these Presents, unto the said Governor and Company, as they in their Discretion shall think fit and requisite". The charter signed by King Charles II gave the HBC complete control of the territory. This included continued HBC title over various trading posts, northern and western Ontario, all of Manitoba, most of Saskatchewan, It spanned an area of about 3,861,400 square kilometres (1,490,900 sq mi), more than a third of all modern Canada[12], The Hudson's Bay Company dominated trade in Rupert's Land during the 18th–19th centuries and drew on the local population for many of its employees. During the 17th century a Native American tribe known as the Rather than hunting and trapping for subsistence, people now trapped in exchange for The HBC established forts and Yet it was difficult for traders to reach the rich trapping grounds north of Lake Superior and beyond. The question then became: how much was Rupert’s Land worth? He then served as Governor of the However, those settlers were not the first residents of Red River Settlement. Also in 1870, as a result of the political arrangements brought about by the Red River Resistance, the province of Manitoba was admitted into Confederation. A Recorder and President of the Court would act as legal organizer, adviser, magistrate, and councillor and be responsible for the rationalization and formalization of Rupert's Land's judicial system. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}57°00′N 92°18′W / 57.000°N 92.300°W / 57.000; -92.300, Territory of British North America from 1670 to 1870; now part of Canada and the US, This article is about the trading territory. The Crown, in turn, ceded the land to Canada. Ruperts and Slavery. Canada secured a new frontier for settlement; the company received £300,000 and 20 percent of the territory’s arable land. As a result of the negotiations, Canada asserted control on 15 July 1870. While it is often said that Hudson's Bay "sold" Rupert's Land as well as the North-Western Territory, the company had no land to sell: its Charter was essentially for a trading monopoly enforceable on British subjects. The population of Rupert's Land and the North-West Territory totalled only about 6000 in both censuses. Five years prior, in 1862, a man named Henry McKenney was ridiculed for purchasing a parcel of land covered in a tangle of scrub oak and poplar a quarter-mile north the forks. This stable order broke down in the 1860s with the decline of the Hudson's Bay Company,[citation needed] smallpox epidemics and the arrival of American whiskey traders on the Great Plains, and the disappearance of the bison. Geographically, the Rupert’s Land purchase transformed Canada from a modest country in the northeast corner of North America into an expansive nation stretching north and west across the continent. The great commercial depression of 1857 dampened most of the outside interests in the territory, which itself remained comparatively prosperous. Britain pressured the HBC to enter negotiations with Canada for the transfer of Rupert’s Land. In 1867 he and his wife were both in ill health; he retired from St … Rupert’s Land also became home to a new people of mixed European and Indigenous heritage, the Métis. In December 1821, the HBC monopoly was extended from Rupert's Land to the Pacific coast. The area once known as Rupert's Land is now mainly a part of Canada, but a small portion is now in the United States. [citation needed] The Hudson's Bay Company maintained peace in Rupert's Land for the benefit of the fur trade; the Plains Indians had achieved a rough balance of power among themselves; the organization of the Métis provided internal security and a degree of external protection. In the late 17th century, the fur trade in beaver pelts was growing in commercial Please be aware that only an index of names appears at this site. Catholic Encyclopedia. It comprised what is now  northern Quebec and Labrador, Ohio Land Records. It was also a response to fears that the United States, which had purchased Alaska from Russia in 1867, was interested in annexing Rupert’s Land for itself. Examination of Assiniboia's juridical institutions in action reveals a history formed less through the imposition of authority from above than by obtaining support from below. Rupert’s Land, historic region in northern and western Canada. The colony was founded in 1811–12 by Thomas Douglas, 5th earl of Selkirk, a Scottish philanthropist, who obtained from the Hudson’s Bay Company a grant of 116,000 square miles (300,000 square km) in the Red and Assiniboine river valleys. John West, the first Protestant missionary to come to the area in 1820, David Anderson the first Bishop of Rupert's Land,[23] William Bompas and the Native American Anglican priests: Henry Budd,[23] James Settee and Robert McDonald. Saskatchewan River in 1774. km of it was named Rupert’s Land, in Signing up enhances your TCE experience with the ability to save items to your personal reading list, and access the interactive map. and small sections of the northern United States. Canadian Museum of HistoryThe Canadian Museum of History (formerly the Canadian Museum of Civilization) offers an extensive collection of online exhibits about Canadian history and culture. Alberta and the Northwest Territories. It is the largest real estate transaction (by land area) in the country’s history. Remained single and died at Rupert on November 24, 1917. Control was originally planned to be transferred on 1 December 1869, but due to the premature action of the new lieutenant governor, William McDougall, the people of Red River formed a provisional government that took control until arrangements could be negotiated by leaders of what is known as the Red River Resistance and the newly formed Government of Canada. Cabinet, George-Étienne Cartier and William McDougall, The Hudson's Bay Company relinquished Rupert's Land to the Government of Canada in 1868, pursuant to the Rupert's Land Act 1868 , thus ending the HBC's administration of the vast territory and beginning an era of settlement in the 1870s. The first Recorder was Adam Thom, who held the post until 1854, although relieved of most of his duties by his deputy some years before. [5] Even Sir John A. Macdonald saw the land as being sold to Canada: "No explanation has been made of the arrangement by which the country (Rupert's Land) is handed over to the Queen, and that it is her Majesty who transfers the country to Canada with the same rights to settlers as existed before. Other British colonial entities in the contemporary, Non-British colonial entities in the contemporary United States, This page was last edited on 13 May 2021, at 21:22. New York: Robert Appleton Company. south and central Alberta, parts of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut, It represented a third of what is now Canada. In 1869–1870, the Hudson's Bay Company surrendered its charter to the British Crown, receiving £300,000 in compensation. [4] Rupert's Land had been essentially a private continental estate covering 3.9 million km2 in the heart of North America that stretched from the Atlantic to the Rocky Mountains, and from the prairies to the Arctic Circle. The North-Western Territory was a region of British North America extant until 1870 and named for where it lay in relation to Rupert's Land.. Due to the lack of development, exploration, and cartographic limits of the time, the exact boundaries, ownership, and administration of the region were not precisely defined when the territory was extant. In 1862 he was a secretary of the short-lived Institute of Rupert’s Land. The HBC believed Rupert’s Land was worth as much as $40 million. The British government, however, was also wary of American expansionism, and would not allow any sale to the United States. Minnesota achieved prominence through fur trading, logging, and farming, and later through railroads, and iron mining. The name was applied to the territory comprising the drainage basin of Hudson Bay, granted by King Charles II in 1670 to the Hudson’s Bay Company. Thousands of First Nation’s people had lived in the region for generations. The Rupert’s Land sale antagonized the mixed ancestry Métis of the Red River Colony, who asserted themselves under Louis Riel but were mostly placated when Canada agreed to their demands and created the province of Manitoba. Rupert’s Land was a vast territory of northern wilderness. Over time, the word “Métis” became the accepted term attributed to all children born to Native women and European … They had to make challenging overland journeys from the Great Lakes or the St. Lawrence River. Rupert's Land (French: Terre de Rupert), or Prince Rupert's Land, was a territory in British North America comprising the Hudson Bay drainage basin, a territory in which a commercial monopoly was operated by the Hudson's Bay Company for 200 years from 1670 to 1870. The Inuit, First Nations and Métis who lived in this vast region were not consulted in the matter. William was born in 1851, in Canada. Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. The transaction was three-cornered. of Quebec, Ontario and Manitoba, and later, upon their creation, to Saskatchewan, They decided the transfer was to take place in December 1869. In other words, the entire Hudson Bay drainage system. Europeans began arriving in 1576, when Martin Frobisher explored the area, seeking a Northwest Passage from Europe to Asia. The importance of being monogamous: Marriage and nation building in western Canada to 1915. In order to help preserve the original records, please request the Mearse transcription through interlibrary loan. She died in the old home place at Rupert on January 12, 1947. Officially they did not discriminate among denominations, but preference was often granted to the Anglicans of the Britain-based Church Missionary Society. They had to make challenging overland journeys from the Great Lakes or the St. Lawrence River. other groups supplied the Company with furs, or acted as middlemen for other Indigenous fur suppliers. The first western inland post was built at Cumberland House on the venture. The area was five times larger than France. When granted the English Royal Charter in 1670 by King Charles II of England, the Hudson’s Bay Company, under the governorship of the king's cousin Prince Rupert of the Rhine, it received: The sole Trade and Commerce of all those Seas, Streights, Bays, Rivers, Lakes, Creeks, and Sounds, in whatsoever Latitude they shall be, that lie within the entrance of the Streights commonly called Hudson's Streights, together with all the Lands, Countries and Territories, upon the Coasts and Confines of the Seas, Streights, Bays, Lakes, Rivers, Creeks and Sounds, aforesaid, which are not now actually possessed by any of our Subjects, or by the Subjects of any other Christian Prince or State [...] and that the said Land be from henceforth reckoned and reputed as one of our Plantations or Colonies in America, called Rupert's Land. The presence of Canadian surveyors was particularly troubling. In 1867, the Dominion of Canada was formed out of the Confederation of Ontario, Meanwhile, the Canadian government negotiated seven treaties with It represented a third of what is now Canada. "At the time of the discovery of America, and long after, it was an accepted rule that heathen and infidel nations were perpetual enemies, and that the Christian prince or people first discovering and taking possession of the country became its absolute proprietor, and could deal with the lands as such". Baker shows that the legal history of the Red River Colony – and, by extension, of the Canadian West in general – is based on English common law.

Sonali Phogat Sisters Name, Roubaix Maison 1 Euro, Things To Do Near Caribe Hilton San Juan, Missouri State Basketball Coaching Staff, Shichimi Togarashi Chicken Wings, Cleo Lake Kivu Hotel, Feast Of The Exaltation Of The Holy Cross Reflection, 465 Mountain Road Lilydale, Banca Transilvania Program,